SKELETAL AND MUSCLE SYSTEM CLASS 5

D. Give reasons for the following.

1. We should always maintain a good posture.

Maintaining Good Posture:

 

·      Keeps your spine healthy and prevents back problems.

·      Gives your organs enough space to work well.

·      Makes you feel more confident and energetic.

·      Helps you breathe better by allowing your lungs to expand fully.

 

 

2. We do not have voluntary muscles in our heart.

No Voluntary Muscles in the Heart:

 

·      The heart works automatically all the time.

·      Its muscles are strong and special.

·      We can't control the heart consciously because it needs to be reliable in pumping blood constantly.

·      Having involuntary muscles in the heart means we don't have to worry about making it beat – it just does its job automatically to keep us alive and healthy.

 

E. Answer the following questions in a word or a sentence.

1. What is the function of the synovial fluid?

Lubricates and cushions movable joints.

2. What is the function of the backbone?

Protects the spinal cord and supports the body.

3. In which activities do we use voluntary muscles?

Walking, running, writing, and lifting objects.

4. Where are tibia and fibula located?

In the lower leg.

5. What are joints?

Joints are points where two or more bones meet, allowing movement and flexibility in the body.

F. Answer the following questions in brief.

1. What are cardiac muscles?

Cardiac muscles are the special muscles found only in the heart. They help the heart pump blood to all parts of the body, like when you squeeze a sponge to push out water.

2. What are the functions of the skeleton?

 

The skeleton is like the body's frame. It helps you stand up straight, protects your organs like your heart and lungs, lets you move around, makes blood cells, and stores important minerals that your body needs to stay strong.

3. How are ligaments different from tendons?

Ligaments are like the strong rubber bands that hold your bones together at the joints, like glue. Tendons are like stretchy ropes that connect your muscles to your bones, helping them pull and move your body.

4. What is the function of girdles?

Girdles are like belts for your bones! They help connect your arms and legs to your body. The shoulder girdle holds your arms in place, while the pelvic girdle supports your legs and hips, helping you walk, run, and play.

G. Answer the following questions in detail.

1. Explain the four types of joints:

Hinge Joints: Imagine a door hinge that allows the door to open and close in one direction. Hinge joints work similarly in our bodies, allowing movement in only one direction, like bending and straightening. Examples include elbows, knees, fingers, and toes.

 

Ball-and-Socket Joints: Picture a ball fitting into a cup. Ball-and-socket joints allow movement in many directions, like swinging your arm or leg around. They're found in your shoulders and hips, giving you the freedom to move your arms and legs in different ways.

Pivot Joints: Think about turning your head from side to side. Pivot joints work like this, allowing rotation around a central point. The joint between your skull and the top of your spine (atlas bone) is a pivot joint, letting you nod your head up and down and turn it left and right.

Gliding Joints: Visualize sliding your hand across a table. Gliding joints let bones slide past each other in various directions, like when you move your wrist or ankle. They're also found between the vertebrae in your spine, allowing you to bend and twist your back.

 

2. Describe the structure of the rib cage:

The rib cage is like a protective cage around your chest, guarding your heart and lungs.

It's made up of 12 pairs of curved bones called ribs, which are attached to the backbone (spine) at the back.

In the front, the ribs connect to a broad bone called the sternum or breastbone.

Two pairs of ribs at the bottom are not directly attached to the sternum and are called floating ribs.

When we breathe, the rib cage moves, expanding when we inhale to let the lungs fill with air and contracting when we exhale.

3. Differentiate between skeletal and smooth muscles:

Skeletal Muscles: These are the muscles attached to our bones that help us move voluntarily, meaning we can control them. They're called skeletal muscles because they're connected to our skeleton. Examples include the muscles in our arms, legs, and face.

Smooth Muscles: Smooth muscles are found in our internal organs, like the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. Unlike skeletal muscles, we can't control smooth muscles consciously. They work automatically to carry out functions like digesting food, pumping blood, and helping us breathe.

 

4. Write ways in which we can take care of our bones and muscles:

 

Eating Healthy: We should have a balanced diet rich in calcium (found in milk, cheese, almonds) and vitamin D (found in fish, egg yolk) to keep our bones strong. Protein-rich foods like milk, eggs, fish, and beans help muscles grow and repair.

 

Regular Exercise: Playing outdoors, running, jumping, and doing activities like swimming or cycling help keep our muscles and bones strong and healthy.

 

Maintaining Good Posture: Sitting and standing up straight reduce stress on our bones and muscles, especially the backbone. Avoiding slouching or hunching over is important.

 

Wearing Protective Gear: Using helmets, knee pads, and elbow guards during activities like skating or cycling protects our bones and joints from injury.

 

Getting Enough Rest: Adequate sleep and rest help muscles recover and grow stronger, reducing the risk of injury.