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Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
Which of the following are the
salient features of the Indian Constitution?
1.
Universal
Adult Franchise
2.
Fundamental
Duties
3.
Single
Citizenship
4.
All of
the above
Answer
All of the above
Question 2
A Person of Indian Origin can
enjoy all privileges of an Indian citizen except
1.
Right to
vote
2.
Right to
protest
3.
Right to
enter the country
4.
Right to
freedom
Answer
Right to vote
Question 3
In case a person is detained
under Preventive Detention such a person can be kept in custody for a period of
............... months without trial.
1.
Four
2.
Six
3.
Three
4.
Twelve
Answer
Three
Question 4
Right to Property is
1.
a
Fundamental Right
2.
a
Fundamental Duty
3.
a Legal
Right
4.
no longer
a fundamental right
Answer
a Legal Right
Question 5
The Constitution of India
provides for a Single Citizenship. Which of the following statements describe
the same?
1.
A person
born in India can be either the citizen of a State of domicile or of India.
2.
All
Indians irrespective of the State of their domicile are the citizens of India.
3.
All
Indians living in India are the citizens of India even if they are not born in
India.
4.
All
citizens of neighbouring countries living in India are Indian citizens.
Answer
All Indians irrespective of the
State of their domicile are the citizens of India.
Question 6
If a male and a female are
selected for the same post but the female candidate gets less salary, which of
her following rights is discriminated?
1.
The Right
to Freedom.
2.
The Right
Against Exploitation.
3.
The Right
to Education.
4.
The Right
to Equality.
Answer
The Right to Equality.
Question 7
Right to Information has been
included in Article ............... of the Constitution.
1.
19(1)
2.
20
3.
21
4.
22
Answer
19(1)
Question 8
Complete the analogy
Right to Equality : Articles 14-18 :: ............... : Articles 19-22
1.
Right
Against Exploitation
2.
Right to
Constitutional Remedies
3.
Right to
Freedom of Religion
4.
Right to
Freedom
Answer
Right to Freedom
Question 9
Which of the following is
incorrectly matched?
1.
Habeas
Corpus: to have the body
2.
Mandamus:
we order
3.
Quo-Warranto:
to be informed
4.
Writ of
Certiorari: information of what is going on
Answer
Quo-Warranto: to be informed
Question 10
A labourer was unlawfully
detained by his employer. Which of the following writs will be issued by the
Supreme Court or the High Court?
1.
Mandamus
2.
Certiorari
3.
Habeas
Corpus
4.
Quo-Warranto
Answer
Habeas Corpus
Question 11
A seven-year-old boy was not
given admission in a school run by the State government. Which of his
Fundamental Rights was violated by the State.
1.
Right to
Freedom.
2.
Right
against Exploitation.
3.
Cultural
and Educational Right.
4.
Right to
Education.
Answer
Right to Education.
Question 12
Which of the following is
incorrect?
1.
Right to
Equality: Article 14-19
2.
Right to
Freedom: Articles 19-22
3.
Right to
Education: Article 29-30
4.
Right
Against Exploitation: Article 23-24
Answer
Right to Equality: Article 14-19
Question 13
Fundamental Duties : Part IV ::
............... : Part III.
1.
Universal
Adult Franchise
2.
Fundamental
Rights
3.
Single
citizenship
4.
Constitutional
Remedies
Answer
Fundamental Rights
Question 14
Right to Information is an
implied Fundamental Right meaning
1.
it is a
part of a named Fundamental Right.
2.
it partakes
of the same basic nature and character of the Fundamental Right.
3.
it is
implicit in the Right to Freedom and Expression.
4.
All of
the above.
Answer
All of the above
Short
Answer Questions
Question 1
What is meant by the term 'Single
Citizenship'?
Answer
The term 'Single Citizenship'
means that all Indians irrespective of the state of their domicile are the
citizens of India.
Question 2
'Fundamental Rights are universal in nature'. Explain in one sentence.
Answer
Fundamental rights are universal
in nature as they are same for all human beings and don't make any distinction
based on race, colour, sex, religion, etc.
Question 3
How are the Fundamental Rights justiciable?
Answer
Fundamental rights are protected by the courts. If
someone violates these rights, a person can file a lawsuit in the Supreme Court
or a high court. The Constitution itself, under Article 32, provides a right to
directly approach the Supreme Court to enforce other fundamental rights.
Question 4
What is meant by the term 'Right to Equality'?
Answer
The law treats everyone the same in India, regardless
of how much money they have, their social class, what they look like, what they
believe, or their gender. This right also means everyone gets a fair shot at
government jobs and gets rid of practices like untouchability and titles like
Maharaja.
Question 5
Mention one Fundamental Right
granted to citizens of India.
Answer
'The Right to Freedom' is one of
the Fundamental Rights granted to citizens of India.
Question 6
In the context of Fundamental
Rights, give one example that India is a secular state.
Answer
'The Right to Freedom of
Religion' is an example that India is a secular country. The Right to Freedom
of Religion gives Indian citizens the freedom to practice and preach religion
of their choice.
Question 7
What is meant by the term 'Right Against Exploitation'?
Answer
India protects people's dignity by stopping unfair
practices. This right prevents slavery, forced begging, and people being made
to work against their will. It also protects children (covered in Article 24),
stops people from being trafficked, and prevents the abuse of women and girls.
Question 8
By which Act of the Parliament were the Fundamental Duties included in
the constitution? Mention the Fundamental Duty which has been added by the
Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002.
Answer
The Fundamental Duties were added
to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
The Fundamental Duty which has
been added by the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002 is "it is the
duty of a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his
child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen
years".
Question 9
To whom can the citizens of India file can application if they wish to
seek any information from the government authorities?
Answer
The citizens of India can file an
application under RTI with the Public Information Officers (PIOs) and Assistant
Public Information Officers (APIOs) if they wish to seek any information from
the government authorities.
Structured
Questions
Question 1
Explain the following basic features of the Indian Constitution:
(a) Single Citizenship.
(b) Universal Adult Franchise.
(c) Fundamental Rights.
Answer
(a) Single
Citizenship — In India, everyone is
considered a citizen of the entire country, no matter which state they live in.
This means someone from Punjab or Kerala isn't just a citizen of their state,
but a citizen of India as a whole. This helps prevent people from feeling more
connected to their state than the entire country and instead encourages a sense
of national unity and brotherhood.
(b) Universal
Adult Franchise — In simple terms,
this means everyone 18 and older gets to vote in India, no matter what
background they have. This is called Universal Adult Franchise.Before India's
independence, people voted based on their religion or caste. The new system
changed that. Now, everyone in a voting area votes for the same candidate,
regardless of religion or caste. This is called a joint electorate.
(c) Fundamental Rights — The Fundamental Rights are given in Part-III of
the constitution. They are basic human rights, which provide the conditions
essential for the all-round development of a human being. They protect people
against unjust discrimination among members of the community and give
recognition to dignity and equality of all human beings. The Indian
Constitution provides 7 Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India:
1.
Right to
Equality
2.
Right to
Freedom
3.
Right
Against Exploitation
4.
Right to
Freedom of Religion
5.
Cultural
and Educational Rights
6.
Right to
Constitutional Remedies
7.
Right to
Education
Question 2
With reference to the Fundamental Rights answer the following:
(a) Why are the Fundamental Rights so called?
(b) State their three characteristic features.
(c) Briefly explain the components of the Right to Equality.
Answer
(a) Fundamental Rights are like the building blocks for a
good life. They're the essential freedoms everyone needs, regardless of their
background, to reach their full potential. That's why they are given to all
people in India, without considering things like caste, religion, or gender.
(b) The three characteristic
features of Fundamental Rights are:
1.
They
protect people against unjust discrimination.
2.
They
don't make any distinction between human beings.
3.
They can
be suspended when the president declares a state of Emergency in the country.
(c) The Right to Equality has
political, social and economic components. Following are the components of
Right to Equality:
· Equality
before Law (Article 14):
Everyone is treated equally under the law.
The law applies to everyone regardless of
background.
· Non-Discrimination
(Article 15):
No one can be discriminated against based on
factors like caste, religion, or gender.
Discriminating against someone is a crime.
· Equal
Opportunity in Public Jobs (Article 16):
Everyone has a fair shot at government jobs.
- There are reserved positions
for disadvantaged groups (Scheduled Castes and Tribes) to ensure they have
a chance.
· Ending
Untouchability (Article 17):
The practice of untouchability is banned.
Everyone can access public places like temples,
wells, and transport.
Anyone stopping this can be punished.
· No More
Titles (Article 18):
Titles like Raja or Khan Bahadur are no longer used
in India.
Everyone is considered equal, regardless of titles.
Question 3
With reference to inclusion of
Right to Freedom in the Indian Constitution, state the following:
(a) State any three freedoms
given under Article 19.
(b) What do these freedoms imply?
(c) Explain the restrictions
imposed on these rights.
Answer
(a) Three freedoms given under
Article 19 are:
1.
Freedom
of speech and expression
2.
Freedom
to assemble peacefully without arms.
3.
Freedom
to form associations and unions.
(b)
Freedom of Movement: You can
live and travel anywhere in India without restrictions.
Freedom to Choose a Job: You can pursue any career you like, following
your interests and skills.
Right to Peaceful Assembly: You can gather with others peacefully to
express your views or support a cause.
Right to Form Groups: You can join or form clubs, unions, or other
groups to share interests or work towards common goals.
Freedom of Speech and Expression: You can freely express your ideas and
opinions, including through the press and media. The government can't stop you
from doing this.
(c) There are some restriction
on the Right to Freedom.
· Freedom with Responsibility: While you
have many freedoms, the government can still make laws for the benefit of
everyone. This could be for things like public safety, health, or protecting
fair business practices.
· Balancing Rights with
National Interest: Your right to live anywhere in India isn't absolute.
There might be specific areas with restrictions due to national security or
other important reasons.
Question 4
Article 20 provides for
Protection in Respect of Conviction for offences. In this respect answer the
following:
(a) What protections are
available to the citizens against conviction?
(b) What is meant by Preventive
Detention? State the right of citizens in this respect.
(c) Explain the limitations of
the Right to Protection.
Answer
(a) Under Article-20 the
following protections are available to a citizen:
1.
Greater
penalty than what is prescribed under the law is prohibited.
2.
No one
can be punished or prosecuted for the same offence twice.
3.
A person
cannot be compelled to be a witness in the case where he himself is accused of
the offence.
(b) Preventive detention means
keeping a person in custody on the grounds of the suspicion that some wrong
actions may be done by the person concerned which will be prejudicial to the
State. In case a person is detained under Preventive Detention he can be kept
in custody for a period of three months without trial. Such a person has the
following rights
1.
Prevention
Detention does not mean that a person stands accused. It is only a
precautionary measure.
2.
Detention
beyond three months can be extended only by an Advisory Board constituted for
the purpose and consisting of a judge of the High Court.
3.
Grounds
of detention have to be specified and the detainee informed of these grounds.
He also has the right to make representation against the detention order.
(c) The Right to protection has
following limitations:
1.
Public
Interest - The authority or the State can take recourse to public interest and
refuse to disclose the grounds of detention.
2.
Power of
the Parliament - The legislature or the Parliament has the power to specify the
maximum period of Preventive Detention.
Question 5
With reference to the Right to
Constitutional Remedies, answer the following question:
(a) How has this right been given
legal sanction?
(b) Why is this right important?
(c) Explain any two writs issued
by courts for enforcement of this right.
Answer
(a) Article 32 of the Indian
constitution gives the Right to Constitutional Remedies. This right is given to
citizens to move the Supreme Court or the High Courts for the enforcement of
other Fundamental Rights conferred on them. Also, the Supreme Court and the
High Courts are empowered to issue writs providing legal remedies to
individuals in case their Fundamental Rights are violated.
(b) This Right is important
because it ensures the protection of other rights provided by the constitution.
According to Dr. Ambedkar, it is the heart and soul of the constitution. It is
not just a right but a remedy.
(c) Two writs issued by courts
for enforcement of this right are:
1.
Habeas
Corpus — It means 'to have the body'. By issuing such a writ, the High court or
the Supreme Court orders the person or a group of persons or the State who has
detained an individual to produce the latter before the court to examine the
legality of his detention and get him released if he is unlawfully detained.
This writ is thus a great safeguard for the personal freedom of a citizen.
2.
Mandamus
— In Latin it means 'we order'. It is a command or an order from a superior
Court to a lower or an administrative authority to perform a certain duty.
Question 6
With reference to Fundamental
Rights, answer the following questions:
(a) What are the components of
the Right to Education?
(b) How is the Right to
Information an implied Fundamental Right?
(c) Write a Short note on Right
to Privacy.
Answer
(a) The components of the Right
to Education are:
1.
Protection
of language, script, culture of minorities (Article-29).
2.
Right to
establish and administer minority educational, social and cultural institutions
(Article-30).
(b) An implied Fundamental
Right is one which is a part of a named Fundamental Right or partakes of the
same basic nature and character as that Fundamental Right. Since RTI is
implicit in the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article-19), it is
an implied Fundamental Right because if one does not know the facts one cannot
speak freely.
(c) On August 24, 2017, the
Supreme Court confirmed that the right to privacy is a fundamental right that
does not need to be separately articulated but can be derived from Articles 14,
19 and 21 of the Constitution. It is a fundamental right about all information
of a person and the choice that he makes. It protects an individual from the
scrutiny of the State in their home, of their movements and over their
reproductive choice, choice of partners, food habits,etc.
Question 7
With reference to the Fundamental
Duties, answer the following:
(a) What are known as Fundamental
Duties?
(b) Give any three Fundamental
Duties.
(c) What is the importance of
these Duties?
Answer
(a) The Fundamental Duties are
the basic moral and civic obligations which are expected from the citizens. The
Fundamental Duties and Fundamental Rights go hand in hand. For example, the
right to freedom implies that we have to maintain a self-restraint and accord
similar rights to others which we want for ourselves.
(b) Three Fundamental Duties
are:
1.
To abide
by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag
and the National Anthem.
2.
To
cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for
freedom.
3.
To uphold
and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
(c) Importance of Fundamental
Duties are:
1.
To make
the citizens aware of their social and economic obligations.
2.
To warn
them to do and not to do certain things in the interest of their country,
fellow citizens and themselves.
3.
To
protect and awaken the people to their cultural heritage.
4.
To tame
the unruly elements in society.
5.
To
strengthen national harmony as they stir up patriotism
Thinking
Skills
Question 1
Name the writ that will be issued
in each of the following circumstances.
(a) Against a person holding a
public office to which he is not entitled.
(b) An order to an administrative
authority to perform a certain duty.
(c) (i) For the transfer of a
case from lower to higher court.
(ii) To prohibit a lower court from proceeding in a case.
Answer
(a) Quo- warranto
(b) Mandamus
(c) (i) Writ of Certiorari
(ii) Writ of Prohibition
Question 2
Fundamental Rights and
Fundamental Duties go hand in hand. If this statement is holistically followed
many of our problems would be solved. Give your reply with examples to prove
your point.
Answer
- Fundamental Rights are the
freedoms you get: They allow you to live your life freely, with
dignity and respect.
- Fundamental Duties are your
responsibilities: They're about what you can do to contribute
to a good society for everyone.
When
everyone understands and practices both, it creates a positive cycle:
- Example: The Right to Equality
guarantees everyone equal treatment.
- Fulfilling your duty to
respect others' rights strengthens this right. People are less
likely to discriminate if everyone respects each other.
- This creates a more equal
society
where everyone feels valued and has a chance to thrive.
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