Life Skills
1. Why is
maintaining personal hygiene important for a person’s health? Maintaining personal hygiene is
important because it helps prevent the spread of germs and infections. It keeps
the body clean, reduces the risk of illnesses, and promotes overall physical
and mental well-being.
2. Give some
examples of good personal hygiene habits that a person can adopt. Examples of good personal
hygiene habits include:
- Regular handwashing with
soap and water
- Brushing teeth twice a day
- Taking a bath or shower
daily
- Wearing clean clothes
- Trimming nails regularly
3. What
role does promoting community hygiene play in creating a healthier environment? Promoting community hygiene
helps create a healthier environment by reducing the spread of diseases and
preventing pollution. It ensures that public spaces are clean and safe, which
benefits everyone in the community.
4. How
can individuals contribute to creating a cleaner and healthier environment
through their hygiene practices? Individuals can contribute by:
- Properly disposing of waste
- Participating in community
clean-up drives
- Educating others about the
importance of hygiene
- Keeping their surroundings
clean and free from litter
HOTS Corner
1. Apart
from keeping our houses clean, we should also clean our surroundings. Why? Cleaning our surroundings is
important because it prevents the breeding of pests like mosquitoes and rats,
reduces pollution, and creates a pleasant and healthy environment for everyone.
2. After
preparing food, it is stored in a closed utensil. What will happen if the
utensil is left open? If the
utensil is left open, the food can get contaminated by dust, insects, or
bacteria, which can lead to food spoilage and cause illnesses.
3. Why
should we cover our mouth while sneezing? Covering our mouth while sneezing prevents the
spread of germs and droplets that can carry infections to others.
4. Water
should not be allowed to stagnate in open areas. Why is it so? Stagnant water is a breeding
ground for mosquitoes, which can spread diseases like dengue and malaria. It
also promotes the growth of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.
5. What
will happen if the dustbins are left open? If dustbins are left open, they can attract pests
like flies, rats, and insects, which can spread diseases and create an
unhygienic environment.
6.
Garbage should not be thrown into water bodies. What will happen otherwise? Throwing garbage into water
bodies pollutes the water, harms aquatic life, and can lead to waterborne
diseases. It also disrupts the ecosystem and can cause long-term environmental
damage.
7. Why
should we take a bath every day? Taking a bath every day helps remove dirt, sweat,
and bacteria from the body. It keeps the skin clean, prevents body odor, and
reduces the risk of skin infections. It also refreshes and rejuvenates the
body.
Apply Your Knowledge (Page 94)
A. Fill in the blanks
1. Chickenpox is a viral disease.
2. Polio infections are
caused by eating contaminated food.
3. Conjunctivitis
spreads through direct contact.
4. Scurvy is caused by
the deficiency of vitamin C.
5. An abnormal
reaction of the body to certain substances is called allergy.
B. State whether the following
statements are true (T) or false (F)
1. False. Bacteria multiply
faster in warm conditions.
2. True. Carriers of
disease-causing germs are called vectors.
3. False. Kwashiorkor is a
disease caused by the deficiency of proteins.
4. False. Swelling in the
neck is caused by the deficiency of iodine.
5. True. Mosquitoes breed
on stagnant water.
C. Choose the correct answer
1. (c) Ascariasis is the disease
caused by a worm.
2. (a) Tuberculosis is the disease
spread through droplet infection.
3. (d) Polio is a viral
disease.
4. (b) Measles is a communicable
disease.
5. (d) Protruding
abdomen is a symptom of Kwashiorkor.
D. Match the columns
1. Night blindness — (d) Deficiency of vitamin A
2. Rickets — (c) Deficiency of vitamin D
3. Pernicious anaemia
— (e) Deficiency of vitamin $B_{12}$
4. Scurvy — (b) Deficiency of vitamin C
5. Beriberi — (a) Deficiency of vitamin $B_{1}$
Page 95 Exercises
E. Answer in one word
1. The state of
physical, mental, and social well-being: Health.
2. The method of
composting with the help of earthworms: Vermicomposting.
3. Practices that help
to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases: Hygiene.
4. Vegetable peels
come in this category of wastes: Biodegradable.
5. The vitamin that
helps in clotting of blood: Vitamin K.
F. Circle the odd one out and give
reason
1. Athlete's foot. Reason:
Ascariasis, Filariasis, and Taeniasis are diseases caused by worms, while
Athlete's foot is a fungal disease.
2. Typhoid. Reason: Goitre,
Rickets, and Scurvy are non-communicable deficiency diseases, while Typhoid is
a communicable bacterial disease.
3. Anaemia. Reason: Night
blindness, Scurvy, and Beriberi are caused by vitamin deficiencies, while
Anaemia is caused by a mineral (iron) deficiency.
4. Plastic bottle. Reason: Glass, Tin
can, and Paper are often fully recyclable or different materials, whereas a
plastic bottle is specifically mentioned as a separate category in waste
sorting lists. (Note: Paper is biodegradable, others are not).
G. Define the following terms
1. Malnutrition: It is a condition
which results due to lack of intake of nutrients over a period of time.
2. Allergy: An allergy is an
abnormal reaction of the body to certain substances which are ordinarily
harmless.
3. Balanced diet: A diet which
consists of all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins, minerals, and roughage in adequate proportion is called a balanced
diet.
4. Non-communicable
disease: Diseases that are not infectious and are not caused by pathogens are
called non-communicable diseases.
5. Communicable
disease: Diseases which can spread from one person to another are called
communicable diseases.
H. Answer the following questions in
brief
1. Hereditary
diseases: These are metabolic disorders that may be passed on to an individual by
one of the parents.
2. Deficiency
diseases: These are diseases caused by the lack of intake of one or more
nutrients in the body over a period of time.
3. Allergens: Substances which
trigger an allergy are called allergens; two examples are dust and pollen
grains.
4. Droplet infection: It is an infection
where germs are released in the air through minute droplets when an infected
person sneezes or coughs.
5. Communicable vs.
Non-communicable: Communicable diseases spread from person to person (e.g., malaria,
chickenpox), while non-communicable diseases do not spread (e.g., diabetes,
arthritis).
Answer in Detail & Case Study
I. Answer the following questions in
detail
1. Modes of
transmission: Communicable diseases spread through air (droplets), contaminated food
and water, vectors (insects like mosquitoes), and direct contact.
2. Five healthy food
habits: 1. Drink filtered or boiled water; 2. Keep food covered; 3. Eat clean
and well-cooked food; 4. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly; 5. Wash hands
before and after meals.
3. Keeping
surroundings clean: We can keep surroundings clean by not allowing insects to breed, using
insecticides, ensuring water does not stagnate, and keeping garbage bins
covered.
4. Deficiency
diseases:
o (a) Marasmus: Caused by
deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates; symptoms include a lean and weak body
and protruding ribs.
o (b) Kwashiorkor: Caused by protein
deficiency; symptoms include swollen feet, thin legs, and a protruding abdomen.
5. Maintaining
personal hygiene: We can maintain personal hygiene by taking a daily bath, brushing teeth
twice a day, wearing clean clothes, and trimming nails regularly.
Let's solve the questions based on the images
and the table provided:
Picture Study:
Identify the diseases in the pictures:
- A: The child in the
picture shows symptoms of Marasmus
(severe malnutrition, thin limbs, and wasted appearance).
- B: The image shows swollen
and bleeding gums, which is a symptom of Scurvy (caused by Vitamin C deficiency).
- C: The child in the
picture shows a swollen abdomen, which is a symptom of Kwashiorkor (caused by
protein deficiency).
Questions:
1.
These diseases fall under which of the
following categories?
- Non-communicable diseases
2.
Out of the given diseases, which one is caused
due to the deficiency of a vitamin? A/B/C
- B (Scurvy)
- Name the vitamin whose deficiency caused
that disease:
- Vitamin C
3.
Write two symptoms of the disease shown in
picture A (Marasmus):
- Severe
weight loss
- Wasted
muscles and thin limbs
4.
The deficiency of which nutrient causes the
disease shown in picture C (Kwashiorkor)?
- Protein
Complete the Table:
Here is the completed table with the missing
information:
Diseases Information
|
Disease |
Type of Microorganism |
Mode of
Transmission |
Symptoms |
Prevention |
|
Amoebic dysentery |
Protozoa |
Contaminated food and water |
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever |
Washing hands frequently, Vaccination, Rest |
|
Tetanus |
Bacteria |
Through wounds or cuts |
Muscle stiffness, jaw cramping, fever |
Immunization, Keep wounds clean |
|
Ringworm |
Fungus |
Direct contact |
Red, itchy, ring-shaped rash |
Keep the skin clean and dry |
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