1.
Cloze Test 1: Human Evolution and Fire
- Q1. Blank (A): (b)
seminal. The text refers to humanity's most important breakthroughs;
"seminal" means highly influential.
- Q2. Blank (B): (b)
harnessed. Humans learned to control or "harness" fire from
natural sources.
- Q3. Blank (C): (e)
inception. This refers to the beginning or "inception" of
techniques for creating flames.
- Q4. Blank (D): (b)
transmute. Fire allowed humans to change or "transmute"
their environment.
- Q5. Blank (E): (b)
pivotal. The intentional use of fire was a "pivotal"
(crucial) moment in evolution.
- Q6. Blank (F): (a)
manipulate. Ancestors developed methods to "manipulate" this
powerful element.
Reading Comprehension: National Strength and Human
Capital
- Q7. (c) It provides
short-term gains but fails to build institutional and human capital
strength.
- Q8. (b) Ensuring
long-term productivity by lowering disease burden and absenteeism.
- Q9. (c) Only C. High
dependence on a single sector is a risk, not a factor of strength.
- Q10. (b) A and C. Angola
is investing in people (A), and healthcare/education have moral and
economic roles (C).
- Q11. (a) Obvious.
"Glaring" means standing out or obvious.
- Q12. (a) Delay. To
"stall" development plans means to delay them.
- Q13. (e) channeling.
Nations diversify by "channeling" revenue into social programs.
- Q14. (b) Bright.
"Grim" means dark or depressing; "bright" is the
antonym.
- Q15 (1). (b) Education equips
individuals with skills for innovation and competitiveness.
- Q15 (2). (c) It reduces
reliance on a single sector and builds resilience.
- Q16. (c) Consistent and
transparent governance is essential for balancing goals.
- Q17. (b) Uncertain, with
challenges like trade disruptions and geopolitical tensions.
- Q18. (b) They are both moral
obligations and strategic economic decisions.
Grammar and Vocabulary
- Q19. (a) retain, inspire.
Teachings "retain" relevance and "inspire" seekers.
- Q20. (a) abrupt, jeopardized.
An "abrupt" decision made without info "jeopardized"
the mission.
- Q21. (c) blend, crafted.
A "blend" of realism and fantasy, "crafted" to
challenge readers.
- Q22. (b) foresees, taken.
The report "foresees" drought unless steps are
"taken."
Sentence Rearrangement
- Q23. (c) DCAB. (D) The
school principal (C) announced a new policy (A) for improving (B) student
discipline.
- Q24. (d) CDBA. (C) The
new law had (D) a significant effect (B) on reducing pollution (A) levels
in the city.
- Q25. (b) ACBD. (A) The
teacher's question (C) was designed to elicit (B) thoughtful answers (D)
from the students.
Active and Passive Voice
- Q26. B) The soup is
prepared by the chef.
- Q27. C) The windows are
being cleaned by her.
- Q28. A) The project has
been finished by them.
- Q29. B) He will be
invited to the party by us.
- Q30. D) The fence was
being painted by him.
Direct and Indirect Speech
- Q31. B) Mark said that he
drank coffee every morning. (Present simple changes to past simple).
- Q32. A) She said that the
kids were playing in the garden.
- Q33. C) Sarah complained
that she had lost her keys. (Present perfect changes to past perfect).
- Q34. C) They promised
that they would arrive at noon.
- Q35. B) He noted that it
had been raining all night. (Past continuous changes to past perfect
continuous).
Articles and Prepositions
- Q36. B) at. "Sitting
at my desk."
- Q37. B) an. "saw an
owl" (vowel sound).
- Q38. C) at. "staring
directly at me."
- Q39. A) towards.
"walked towards the glass."
- Q40. C) the. "away
into the dark night sky."
|
Word |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
Seminal |
Highly
original and influencing the future. |
ভবিষ্যৎ গঠনকারী / অত্যন্ত প্রভাবশালী |
|
Pivotal |
Of
crucial importance to success. |
মৌলিক / অতি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
|
Sophisticated |
Highly
complex or developed. |
পরিশীলিত / অত্যন্ত উন্নত বা জটিল |
|
Fundamentally |
In
central or primary respects. |
মৌলিকভাবে / সারগতভাবে |
|
Trivial |
Of very
little value or importance. |
তুচ্ছ / সামান্য |
|
Negligible |
So small
it is not worth considering. |
নগণ্য / উপেক্ষণীয় |
|
Redundant |
No longer
needed or useful. |
অপ্রয়োজনীয় / বাড়তি |
|
Derivative |
Imitative;
not original. |
অনুকরণধর্মী / মৌলিক নয় এমন |
|
Nominal |
Existing
in name only; very small value. |
নামমাত্র |
|
Perfunctory |
Carried
out with minimum effort/care. |
অমনোযোগী / দায়সারা |
|
Word |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
Breakthroughs |
Major
discoveries or progress. |
যুগান্তকারী সাফল্য / গুরুত্বপূর্ণ আবিষ্কার |
|
Innovation |
A new
method, idea, or product. |
উদ্ভাবন / নতুনত্ব |
|
Prosperity |
The state
of being successful or wealthy. |
সমৃদ্ধি / উন্নতি |
|
Sustainable |
Able to
be maintained long-term. |
টেকসই / স্থিতিশীল |
|
Resilience |
Capacity
to recover quickly from difficulty. |
সহনশীলতা / বাধা কাটিয়ে ওঠার ক্ষমতা |
|
Prioritize |
Treat
something as more important. |
অগ্রাধিকার দেওয়া |
|
Fostering |
Encouraging
development or growth. |
লালনপালন করা / উৎসাহিত করা |
|
Enhancing |
Improving
quality or value. |
মান উন্নত করা / বৃদ্ধি করা |
|
Fortified |
Strengthened
or protected. |
শক্তিশালী করা |
|
Word |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
Inception |
The
starting point or establishment. |
প্রারম্ভ / শুরু |
|
Culmination |
The
highest or final point. |
চূড়ান্ত পরিণতি / চরম সীমা |
|
Ancestors |
Persons
from whom one is descended. |
পূর্বপুরুষ |
|
Millennia |
A period
of a thousand years. |
সহস্রাব্দ |
|
Sporadic |
Occurring
at irregular intervals. |
বিক্ষিপ্ত / অনিয়মিত |
|
Fluctuating |
Rising
and falling irregularly. |
উঠানামা করা / অস্থির |
|
Abrupt |
Sudden
and unexpected. |
আকস্মিক / হঠাত |
|
Stall |
To stop
making progress. |
স্থবির করে দেওয়া / থমকে যাওয়া |
|
Word |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
Harnessed |
Controlled
and made use of. |
কাজে লাগানো / নিয়োজিত করা |
|
Manipulate |
Handle or
control skillfully (or unfairly). |
দক্ষতার সাথে পরিচালনা করা / কারসাজি |
|
Transmute |
Change in
form, nature, or substance. |
রূপান্তর করা / গুণগত পরিবর্তন করা |
|
Circumvented |
Found a
way around an obstacle. |
কৌশলে এড়ানো / পাশ কাটিয়ে যাওয়া |
|
Stabilized |
Made
unlikely to change or fail. |
স্থিতিশীল করা |
|
Intentional |
Done on
purpose; deliberate. |
ইচ্ছাকৃত |
|
Word |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
Extinguished |
Put an
end to; quenched (fire/light). |
নির্বাপিত / নিভিয়ে ফেলা |
|
Squandered |
Wasted
(money/time) recklessly. |
অপচয় করা / উড়িয়ে দেওয়া |
|
Obliterated |
Destroyed
utterly; wiped out. |
সম্পূর্ণভাবে ধ্বংস করা / মুছে ফেলা |
|
Suppress |
Forcibly
put an end to something. |
দমন করা / চেপে রাখা |
|
Relinquish |
Voluntarily
give up or cease to keep. |
ত্যাগ করা / ছেড়ে দেওয়া |
|
Dismantle |
Take a
structure or machine to pieces. |
খোলা / ভেঙে ফেলা |
|
Dissolution |
Closing
down or dismissal of a body. |
বিলুপ্তি / অবসান |
|
Revocation |
Official
cancellation of a decree/promise. |
প্রত্যাহার / রদ করা |
|
Prohibition |
Forbidding
something by law. |
নিষেধাজ্ঞা / বারণ |
|
Contaminate |
Make
impure by pollution. |
দূষিত করা |
|
Deprecated |
Disapproved
of or (tech) no longer recommended. |
অনুমোদন না করা / বর্জনীয় |
|
Jeopardized |
Put into
a situation of danger/loss. |
বিপন্ন করা / ঝুঁকিতে ফেলা |
|
Word |
English Meaning |
Bengali Meaning |
|
Anthropologists |
Scientists
who study humans/cultures. |
নৃবিজ্ঞানী |
|
Fascinating |
Extremely
interesting. |
অত্যন্ত আকর্ষণীয় / মুগ্ধকর |
|
Fragile |
Easily
broken or damaged. |
ভঙ্গুর / নাজুক |
|
Absenteeism |
Habitual
absence from work/school. |
অনুপস্থিতি / কাজে ফাঁকি দেওয়া |
|
Disruptions |
Problems
that interrupt an event. |
বিঘ্ন / ব্যাঘাত |
|
Glaring |
Extremely
obvious (usually a mistake). |
সুস্পষ্ট / চোখ ধাঁধানো |
|
Grim |
Very
serious, gloomy, or forbidding. |
কঠোর / বিষণ্ণ |
|
Arbitrary |
Based on
random choice/whim. |
খামখেয়ালি / যুক্তিবহির্ভূত |
|
Pacified |
Quelled
anger; brought peace to. |
শান্ত করা |
|
Sterilized |
Made free
from bacteria. |
জীবাণুমুক্ত করা |
Seminal: Highly original and influencing
the future development of a subject. (ভবিষ্যৎ গঠনকারী বা অত্যন্ত প্রভাবশালী)
2. Trivial: Of very little value or
importance; insignificant. (তুচ্ছ বা সামান্য)
3. Negligible: So small or unimportant that it
is not worth considering. (নগণ্য বা উপেক্ষণীয়)
4. Redundant: Not or no longer needed or
useful; superfluous. (অপ্রয়োজনীয় বা বাড়তি)
5. Derivative: Imitative of the work of another
person; not original. (অনুকরণধর্মী বা মৌলিক নয় এমন)
6. Harnessed: Controlled and made use of a
natural resource. (কাজে লাগানো বা নিয়োজিত করা)
7. Extinguished: Put an end to; quenched a fire
or light. (নির্বাপিত বা নিভিয়ে ফেলা)
8. Squandered: Wasted something (especially
money or time) in a reckless or foolish manner. (অপচয় করা বা উড়িয়ে দেওয়া)
9. Circumvented: Found a way around an obstacle
or a rule. (কৌশলে এড়ানো বা পাশ কাটিয়ে যাওয়া)
10.
Deprecated:
Expressed disapproval of; or (in computing) be usable but no longer
recommended. (অনুমোদন না করা বা বর্জনীয়)
11.
Inception: The
establishment or starting point of an institution or activity. (প্রারম্ভ বা শুরু)
12.
Culmination: The
highest or climactic point of something, reached after a long time. (চূড়ান্ত পরিণতি বা চরম সীমা)
13.
Dissolution: The
closing down or dismissal of an assembly, partnership, or official body. (বিলুপ্তি বা অবসান)
14.
Revocation: The
official cancellation of a decree, decision, or promise. (প্রত্যাহার বা রদ করা)
15.
Prohibition: The
action of forbidding something, especially by law. (নিষেধাজ্ঞা বা বারণ)
16.
Obliterated:
Destroyed utterly; wiped out. (সম্পূর্ণভাবে ধ্বংস করা বা মুছে ফেলা)
17.
Pacified: Quelled
the anger, agitation, or excitement of; brought peace to. (শান্ত করা বা শান্ত করা হয়েছে এমন)
18.
Transmute: Change
in form, nature, or substance. (রূপান্তর করা বা গুণগত পরিবর্তন করা)
19.
Stabilized: Made
unlikely to change, fail, or decline. (স্থিতিশীল করা)
20.
Sterilized: Made
free from bacteria or other living microorganisms. (জীবাণুমুক্ত করা)
21.
Pivotal: Of
crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
(মৌলিক বা অতি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ)
22.
Perfunctory: (Of an
action) carried out with a minimum of effort or reflection. (অমনোযোগী বা দায়সারা)
23.
Arbitrary: Based on
random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system. (খামখেয়ালি বা যুক্তিবহির্ভূত)
24.
Nominal: Existing
in name only; very small (far below the real value). (নামমাত্র)
25.
Sporadic:
Occurring at irregular intervals or only in a few places; scattered. (বিক্ষিপ্ত বা অনিয়মিত)
26.
Manipulate: Handle
or control a tool or mechanism in a skillful manner. (দক্ষতার সাথে পরিচালনা করা বা কারসাজি করা)
27.
Suppress: Forcibly
put an end to; prevent the development or expression of. (দমন করা বা চেপে রাখা)
28.
Relinquish:
Voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up. (ত্যাগ করা বা ছেড়ে দেওয়া)
29.
Contaminate: Make
(something) impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting
substance. (দূষিত করা)
30.
Dismantle: Take a
machine or structure to pieces. (খোলা বা ভেঙে ফেলা)
31.
Glaring:
Extremely obvious or conspicuous (usually used for a mistake or a truth). (সুস্পষ্ট বা চোখ ধাঁধানো)
32.
Stall: To stop
or cause to stop making progress. (স্থবির করে দেওয়া বা থমকে যাওয়া)
33.
Grim: Very
serious or gloomy; forbidding or uninviting. (কঠোর বা বিষণ্ণ)
34.
Resilience: The
capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness. (সহনশীলতা বা বাধা কাটিয়ে ওঠার ক্ষমতা)
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