ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHAPTER 1 CLASS 7 D

 Exercise A: Auxiliary and Main Verbs

In these sentences, the auxiliary (helping) verbs are identified, and the main verbs are noted as the action or state words they support.

1.    It did (auxiliary) rain (main) yesterday.

2.    When does (auxiliary) your school reopen (main)?

3.    You have (auxiliary) been (main) very kind to us.

4.    We are (auxiliary) going (main) to Rishikesh tomorrow.

5.    We were (auxiliary) talking (main) about you.

6.    I have (main verb showing possession) some good news for you! (Note: There is no auxiliary here).

7.    Pablo Picasso was (main verb showing being) a great artist. (Note: There is no auxiliary here).

8.    I have (auxiliary) not slept (main) a wink for the last two days.

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Exercise B: Using Be, Do, and Have

Verb	As a Main Verb	As a Helping Verb
Be	Shreya is a singer.	John is baking a cake.
Do	I will do it today.	Do you want some tea?
Have	I have a slight fever.	I have seen the film.

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Exercise G: Past Tense and Past Participle

Following the rules for regular and irregular verbs:

Base Form	Past Tense	Past Participle	Type
feel	felt	felt	Irregular
drop	dropped	dropped	Regular
give	gave	given	Irregular
seal	sealed	sealed	Regular
anger	angered	angered	Regular
burst	burst	burst	Irregular
sling	slung	slung	Irregular
touch	touched	touched	Regular
fall	fell	fallen	Irregular
sleep	slept	slept	Irregular

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Exercise: Fill in the Blanks

Using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets:

1.    The man held the rod and bent it with minimum effort.

2.    They had laid the carpet on the ground when it began to drizzle.

3.    The programme was broadcast last night on national television.

4.    "I am sorry that I let you down," Veena said apologetically.

5.    I have often lain awake at night lately.

6.    They had driven for forty kilometres when their car broke down.

7.    We have sought Dr. Bhatt's advice on this case.

8.    This esteemed institution was founded in 1956.

 

Three Men on the Bummel

1. Verbs that have objects (Transitive)

These verbs transfer action to a direct object (the "what" or "whom").

• lose (Object: his newspaper)
• lost (Object: anything)
• regard (Object: the world)
• put (Object: anything)
• finding (Object: it)
• reform (Object: myself)
• convinced (Object: himself)
• lost (Object: a thing)
• had (Object: it)
• spirited away (Object: things)
• left (Object: it)
• want (Object: a paper/the paper)
• put (Object: it)
• looking for (Object: it)
• hand (Object: him/a paper)
• leave (Object: my things)
• snatching (Object: it)
• open (Object: his bag)
• glancing at (Object: it)
• throwing (Object: the paper)
• find (Object: it)
• has cast (Object: his lot)

2. Verbs that don't have objects (Intransitive)

These verbs describe an action or state that is complete on its own.

• rise (no object; "early" is an adverb)
• came (no object; "to him" is a prepositional phrase)
• knew (used here as a state of awareness)
• occurred
• say
• work (part of "set to work")
• exclaim
• living
• irritate (used here to describe intent)
• suggest
• standing
• explain
• growl
• pause
• ask
• answer
• shout
• sitting
• smile
• comes
• feels

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3. Verbs that show tense, person, and number (Finite)

These are main verbs that change form if you change the subject or time.

• was (Past tense, 3rd person singular)
• did... rise (Past tense negative)
• came (Past tense)
• would do (Past habit/Conditional)
• knew (Past tense)
• had lost (Past perfect)
• would regard (Past habit)
• occurred (Past tense)
• am (Present tense, 1st person singular)
• lose (Present tense)
• know (Present tense)
• have put (Present perfect)
• must set (Modal present)
• had convinced (Past perfect)
• lost (Past tense)
• had (Past tense)
• would exclaim (Past habit)
• would have thought (Conditional)
• was living (Past continuous)
• spirited away (Past tense/Finite use here)
• suggest (Present/Subjunctive)
• should... want
• don't want (Present negative)
• want (Present tense)
• haven't put (Present perfect)
• do... think (Present interrogative)
• would be standing (Conditional continuous)
• would explain (Past habit)
• hand (Present/Imperative)
• do wish (Present emphatic)
• would growl (Past habit)
• would open (Past habit)
• would pause (Past habit)
• would ask (Past habit)
• would answer (Past habit)
• would find (Past habit)
• was sitting (Past continuous)
• would smile (Past habit)
• comes (Present, 3rd person singular)
• feels (Present, 3rd person singular)
• has cast (Present perfect)

4. Verbs that don't show tense, person, or number (Non-Finite)

These include Infinitives (to + verb), Gerunds (-ing), and Participles.

• to lose (Infinitive)
• to say (Infinitive)
• finding (Gerund/Present participle after "incapable of")
• to work (Infinitive)
• reform (Bare infinitive after modal "must")
• surrounded (Past participle)
• to irritate (Infinitive)
• to leave (Infinitive)
• looking (Present participle)
• folded (Past participle)
• snatching (Present participle)
• to put (Infinitive)
• glancing (Present participle)
• to shout (Infinitive)
• sitting (Present participle)