A. Choose the correct option.
1. The
bones are connected to each other by:
- (b) ligaments
2. A
fluid X is a colourless fluid that protects us from infections and is a part of
the immune system. Identify X.
- (c) Lymph
3.
Pulling of which of the following causes a sprain?
- (a) Tendons
4. Which
one of the following is an incorrect statement about striated muscles?
- (b) They are present in
internal organs.
5. The
movement of our body involves these tissues.
- (d) All of these
6.
Cartilage and bone are _______ tissues.
- (a) connective
7. Lymph
is different from blood in that it has:
- (a) only WBC
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Skeletal muscles act
voluntarily.
2. Contractile proteins are found
in muscular tissues.
3. Haemoglobin is the
respiratory pigment in human blood.
4. Smooth muscles: involuntary :: Skeletal
muscles: voluntary
5. Fats are stored in the human
body in adipose tissues.
6. Voluntary muscles are found in
the limbs.
7. Muscular tissues that work
lifelong without getting tired are the cardiac tissues.
C. Identify the following tissues.
1. Striated (Skeletal) muscle
2. Bone
3. Smooth muscle
D. Differentiate between the following.
1. Blood
and Lymph:
- Blood: Contains RBCs, WBCs, and
platelets; transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.
- Lymph: Contains only WBCs;
protects the body from infections and is part of the immune system.
2. Axon
and Dendrite:
- Axon: A long, extended branch of
a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
- Dendrite: Short branches of a neuron
that receive impulses and carry them toward the cell body.
3.
Ligament and Tendon:
- Ligament: Connects bone to bone;
provides stability to joints.
- Tendon: Connects muscle to bone;
helps in movement.
4. Bone
and Cartilage:
- Bone: Hard, strong, and
non-flexible; provides support and shape to the body.
- Cartilage: Semi-transparent, elastic,
and softer than bone; smoothens joint surfaces.
5. Three
kinds of muscle tissues:
- Striated (Skeletal): Voluntary, attached to
bones, shows light and dark bands.
- Smooth: Involuntary, found in
internal organs, spindle-shaped.
- Cardiac: Involuntary, found in the
heart, branched and striated.
E. Define the following.
1.
Synapse: The
junction where the axon terminals of one neuron meet the dendrites of another
neuron, allowing the transmission of impulses.
2.
Tendon: A
fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
3.
Ligament: A
fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone, providing stability to
joints.
4.
Canaliculi: Small
canals that connect the lacunae in bone tissue, allowing the passage of
nutrients and waste.
F. Short-answer questions.
1. Name
the four types of animal tissues.
- The four types of animal
tissues are Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous tissues.
2. Why
are connective tissues called so?
- Connective tissues are
called so because they connect, support, and bind different organs and
tissues of the body.
3. How
are adipose tissue cells adapted for insulating the body?
- Adipose tissue cells are
filled with fat globules that provide insulation, preventing heat loss from
the body.
4. Where
are epithelial tissues found?
- Epithelial tissues are found
covering the body surfaces and lining the internal organs.
5. A
student observes a permanent slide of tissues. The slide shows elongated
tissues with light and dark bands. What type would the student identify the
tissue as?
- identify
the tissue as striated (skeletal) muscle.
6. Why
are our nose tip and earlobes flexible?
- The nose tip and earlobes
are flexible because they contain cartilage, a type of connective
tissue that is elastic and flexible.
G. Long-answer questions.
1. Write
a short note on the different types of connective tissues.
Connective tissues are categorized into several types based on their structure
and function:
- Loose Connective Tissue:
- Areolar Tissue: Found between skin and
muscles, around blood vessels, and nerves. It provides support and
strength to internal organs.
- Adipose Tissue: Stores fat and provides
insulation to the body. It is found beneath the skin and around internal
organs.
- Dense Connective Tissue:
- Ligaments: Connect bone to bone and
provide stability to joints.
- Tendons: Connect muscle to bone and
help in movement.
- Supportive Connective
Tissue:
- Bone: Provides support and shape
to the body. It is hard and strong due to the presence of calcium and
phosphorus salts.
- Cartilage: Smoothens joint surfaces
and provides flexibility. It is softer than bone.
- Fluid Connective Tissue:
- Blood: Transports nutrients, gases,
and waste products throughout the body.
- Lymph: Protects the body from
infections and is part of the immune system.
2.
Explain the following:
(a) Blood
is called a connective tissue.
Blood is classified as a connective tissue because it connects different parts
of the body by transporting nutrients, gases, and waste products. It consists
of a fluid matrix (plasma) in which cells (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets) are
suspended.
(b)
Muscles contract and relax to accomplish movement.
Muscles contain contractile proteins that enable them to contract and relax.
This contraction and relaxation allow movement in the body, such as walking,
breathing, and movement of internal organs.
(c) Heart
muscles are involuntary.
Heart muscles, or cardiac muscles, are involuntary because their contractions
are not under conscious control. They contract rhythmically and continuously to
pump blood throughout the body.
(d)
Animals in cold regions have deposits of fatty tissue under the skin.
Animals in cold regions have deposits of adipose (fatty) tissue under the skin
to provide insulation and prevent heat loss, helping them survive in cold
environments.
3. Draw a
well-labeled diagram of a neuron and explain its structure.
A neuron consists of the following parts:
- Cell Body (Cyton): Contains the nucleus and
other organelles.
- Dendrites: Short, branched extensions
that receive impulses from other neurons.
- Axon: A long extension that
transmits impulses away from the cell body.
- Myelin Sheath: A fatty covering around the
axon that insulates and speeds up impulse transmission.
- Nodes of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelin sheath
that facilitate rapid impulse conduction.
- Axon Terminals: Endings of the axon that
transmit impulses to other neurons or muscles.
4. What
are the three different types of muscle tissues? Mention two characteristic
features of each type.
- Striated (Skeletal) Muscle:
- Attached to bones.
- Voluntary (under conscious
control).
- Smooth Muscle:
- Found in internal organs
like the intestine.
- Involuntary (not under
conscious control).
- Cardiac Muscle:
- Found exclusively in the
heart.
- Involuntary and never gets
tired.
H. Case-based questions.
I. Ravi
fell while playing and got a small cut on his knee.
1. Which
type of tissue was primarily damaged in Ravi’s case?
- (d) Epithelial
2. What
is the main function of this tissue type in the body?
Epithelial tissue covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs. It
acts as a barrier against infection and injury.
3. How
does this tissue help in healing the wound?
Epithelial tissue regenerates quickly, helping to repair and replace damaged
cells, thus aiding in wound healing.
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