I. Tick
the Correct Option.
The Earth’s atmosphere is
primarily composed of which two gases?
a) Nitrogen and Oxygen
Which layer of the atmosphere
is responsible for containing the ozone layer?
b) Stratosphere
What is the main cause of
ozone depletion?
a) Release of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Global warming refers to the
gradual increase in the average temperature of:
a) The Earth’s surface and
oceans
Which international agreement
aims to address the issue of climate change and limit global warming to below
2°C?
d) United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
II. Fill
in the Blanks.
1. The atmosphere is a vital part of our planet,
surrounding the Earth in all directions. It consists mainly of gases and dust particles.
2. The difference in air pressure causes the air to move,
creating winds. Winds blow from areas of high pressure
to areas of low pressure.
3. The atmosphere can be divided into five layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere.
4. The greenhouse effect is named so because it resembles
the way a greenhouse roof functions. It allows sunlight to enter and then traps
the heat, releasing it gradually.
5. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) aims to limit future global warming to below 2°C compared to preindustrial
levels.
III. True
and False
1. The atmosphere primarily consists of nitrogen and
oxygen.
True
2. The temperature in the atmosphere increases as
altitude increases.
False
3. The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere.
True
4. Global warming is primarily caused by natural factors.
False
5. The Montreal Protocol aims to address the issue of
ozone depletion.
True
IV. Short
Answer Questions:
1) What is the main function of the Earth’s
atmosphere?
The main function of the
Earth’s atmosphere is to protect life from harmful radiation, regulate
temperature, and provide essential gases like oxygen for respiration.
2) What are the two primary gases present in the
atmosphere?
The two primary gases are Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%).
3) What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere
called?
The lowest layer of the
atmosphere is called the troposphere.
4) What is the name of the outermost layer of the
atmosphere?
The outermost layer of the
atmosphere is called the exosphere.
5) What gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?
Gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
contribute to the greenhouse effect.
V. Long
Answer Questions:
1) How does air pressure change with altitude?
Air pressure decreases with
altitude. As you go higher, the air becomes thinner, and the pressure exerted
by the atmosphere decreases. For every 110 metres of ascent, pressure drops by about 1 centimetre.
2) What causes the movement of air creating winds?
Differences
in air pressure cause air to move, with wind blowing horizontally from areas of
high pressure to areas of low pressure .
3) Name two layers of the atmosphere other than
the troposphere and stratosphere.
Two other layers are the mesosphere and ionosphere.
4) What is the greenhouse effect and how does it
work?
The greenhouse effect is a
natural process where greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the
sun, keeping the Earth warm. Sunlight enters the atmosphere, and some of the
heat is trapped by gases like CO₂, preventing it from escaping back into space.
5) What are some ways to reduce global warming?
Some ways to reduce global
warming include:
Using renewable energy
sources like solar and wind power.
Improving energy
efficiency.
Planting more trees.
Reducing deforestation.
Promoting sustainable
transportation.
VI.
Assertion Reason Questions:
Assertion (A): The Earth’s atmosphere protects us from radiation and
space by acting as a shield.
Reason (R): It absorbs and
scatters harmful solar radiation, creating a habitable environment and
regulating temperature.
a) Both Assertion (A) and
Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Assertion (A): Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere maintain a
habitable temperature range.
Reason (R): Through the
greenhouse effect, they trap heat and prevent extreme temperature fluctuations,
supporting life. However, excessive emissions lead to global warming and
climate change.
b) Both Assertion (A) and
Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(A).
VII. Case
Study: Impact of Global Warming on the Arctic Region
What is a direct consequence
of rising temperatures in the Arctic?
c) Melting of polar ice caps
What can result from thawing
permafrost in the Arctic?
a) Release of stored carbon
VIII.
Picture Study
1. What are the five layers of the atmosphere?
The five layers of the atmosphere are:
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Ionosphere (Thermosphere)
Exosphere
2. What is the significance of the ozone layer in
the stratosphere?
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs and blocks the majority of the
sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This protection is crucial for life
on Earth, as excessive UV radiation can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and harm
to plants and marine ecosystems.
Subject
Integration
How does studying the
atmosphere connect with subjects like Physics and Chemistry?
Physics:
Connection: Physics provides fundamental principles to comprehend
the behavior of gases, thermodynamics, and energy transfer in the atmosphere.
Example: Understanding the greenhouse effect and the role of
various gases (such as CO₂) in trapping heat, contributing to climate change.
Chemistry:
Connection: Chemistry helps in examining the composition of the
atmosphere, including the presence of pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Example: Studying the chemical reactions involved in the
formation of ozone and its depletion in the stratosphere due to human-made
pollutants like CFCs.
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