ch 7 geography class 7D

 

I. Tick the Correct Option.

1. Which River forms a natural boundary between Europe and Asia?
• c) Ural (The Ural Mountains and Ural River form the border to the east).
2. Which region of Europe is known for its high mountains and volcanic activity?
• d) Southern Mountainous System (This region features towering peaks, steep valleys, and volcanic activity such as Etna and Vesuvius).
3. Which country is the largest member of the European Union?

 

4. Which peninsula is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes Spain and Portugal?
• b) Iberian Peninsula
5. Which major river in Europe is known for its importance in navigation and flows through multiple countries?
• b) Rhine

II. Fill in the Blanks.

1. Europe is divided from Asia by the Ural River and the Caspian and Black Seas.
2. The European Union was established through the Treaty of Maastricht.
3. The highest peak in the Alps is Mount Blanc, 4807 meters. (Note: Text states "Mount Blanc, standing at 4807 metres, is the highest peak in the Alps.")
4. The North European Plains are primarily composed of sedimentary rocks.
5. The Southern chain of peninsulas is situated between the Alps in the north and the Mediterranean in the south.

III. True and False

1. Europe is the largest continent in the world.
• False (Text states it is one of the seven continents, and Asia is larger since Europe is the second most populous/second smallest).
2. The Ural Mountains separate Europe from Africa.
• False (They separate Europe from Asia).
3. The European Union consists of 28 member countries.
• False (Text states it currently consists of 27 member countries).
4. The Scandinavian Mountains have been eroded by glaciers, resulting in rounded peaks.
• True (Text states: "These mountains have undergone extensive glacial erosion, resulting in lowered and rounded peaks").
5. The Baltic states include Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia.
• True (Text states: "Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia, which border the Baltic Sea, are collectively known as the Baltic states").

IV. Short Answer Questions

1. What are the two main branches of the Alpine Mountain system?
• Towards the east, the Alpine Mountain system divides into two branches: the Carpathian and Balkan Mountains form the northern branch, while the Dinaric Alps shape the southern branch.
2. Name two countries that are part of the Iberian Peninsula.
• Spain and Portugal (along with Andorra, parts of France, and Gibraltar).
3. Name the countries that are members of European Union.
• The text notes that the European Union consists of 27 member countries, and specifically mentions major economies and players like Germany, France, and the United Kingdom (though the UK context relates generally to Western Europe/regions; the text highlights that the EU is an alliance of European nations).
4. Describe any two physical features of the North-western Highlands.
• They stretch across Europe from the Ural Mountains in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the northwest. They include mountain systems like the Ural Mountains and the Scandinavian Mountains, and feature ancient rocks weathered and eroded by glaciers, resulting in rounded peaks and broad valleys.
5. Which River in Europe is known for its importance in navigation and flows through multiple countries?
• The Rhine River, which flows through multiple countries including Germany, France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands.

V. Long Answer Questions (Simplified & Pointwise)

1. Impact of the European Union on political and economic integration

·         Promotes political and economic integration, fosters cooperation, and reduces trade barriers among member states.

·         Drives dynamic political integration to encourage peace and cooperation.

·         Focuses heavily on sustainable development by utilizing alternative energy sources.

·         Leads efforts in ratifying and implementing international agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

·         Upgrades traditional practices using advanced technology and maintains efficient transportation and communication infrastructure.

2. Factors contributing to Europe's diverse landscape

·         Features a general spatial pattern where northern areas consist of plains and southern regions are dominated by mountains.

·         Divided into four main physiographic divisions: north-western highlands, North European plains (Central plains), central uplands, and the southern mountain system.

·         Shaped by major mountain networks, including the Caledonian mountain system, Hercynian system remnants, and the young Alpine Mountain system.

·         Includes vast flat regions like the North European Plains (Russian Plain and Western/Mid-European Plain).

·         Features a southern chain of peninsulas (such as the Italian, Iberian, and Balkan peninsulas) bordered by water and backed by mountains.

3. Comparison between North European Plains and Central Uplands

·         Elevation & Location: North European Plains are vast, flat lands south of the North-western Highlands, whereas Central Uplands have lower elevations than Alpine mountains and lie between the North European plains and the Alpine system.

·         Rock Composition: North European Plains primarily consist of sedimentary rocks (except the Russian Plain, which features ancient metamorphic rocks and loess), while Central Uplands are remnants of the older Hercynian mountain system.

·         Geographical Span: North European Plains stretch from western England across multiple countries to Russia, whereas Central Uplands stretch from Spain's Atlantic coast across France, Germany, and Poland.

4. Historical and geopolitical significance of the Balkan Peninsula

·         Located in south-eastern Europe, housing countries like Serbia, Albania, Greece, and parts of Turkey.

·         Formed by the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea with a rugged, mountainous backdrop linked to the Alpine system.

·         Has experienced major geopolitical transformations, such as the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, which dissolved the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and altered political boundaries.

5. Role of European nations in addressing environmental issues

·         Take the lead in adopting and implementing international agreements to cut down greenhouse gas emissions.

·         Emphasize the use of alternative energy sources like wind and solar power for sustainable development.

·         Replace traditional agricultural and manufacturing methods with advanced technological solutions to boost productivity while protecting the natural environment.