chapter 5 Industries class 7 icse

 I. Tick the Correct Option

1. Which sector contributes to around 56.6% of the GDP in 1947?
• Answer: b) Agriculture and forestry (Note: In the text, the primary sector—which includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining—accounted for 56.6%).
2. What are the two main factors affecting the location of industries?
• Answer: c) Geographical and non-geographical factors
3. Which region is known as the 'Manchester of Japan'?
• Answer: a) Osaka
4. What is the main source of water pollution from industries?
• Answer: a) Industrial waste
5. The IT hub Silicon Valley is situated in which city?
• Answer: d) San Francisco

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. The processes that render natural products suitable for human use are referred to as manufacturing.
2. Geographical factors influencing industry location include raw materials, power supply, water, labour, transport, market, site, and climate.
3. The major sugar-producing countries include Cuba, Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Kenya.
4. Shipbuilding is typically established in areas with access to softwood and skilled labour.
5. The transition from handmade textiles to machine-made textiles initially occurred in England.

III. True and False

1. Manufacturing industries involve the utilisation of machinery to transform raw materials into finished products. — True
2. The iron and steel industry serve as the foundation for various important sectors such as automobile manufacturing and shipbuilding. — True
3. The textile industry primarily relies on synthetic fibres made from chemical sources. — False (It relies on a wide range of natural fibres like cotton, silk, and wool, as well as synthetic fibres).
4. The fishing industry encompasses various activities related to the cultivation and trade of fish and fish products. — True
5. Air pollution is mainly caused by natural sources such as volcanoes and forest fires. — False (Industries, burning coal, and oil combustion are major contributors to air pollution).

IV. Short Answer Questions

1. What are the two main factors that affect the location of industries?
• The two main factors are geographical factors and non-geographical factors.
2. Name one geographical factor that influences the location of industries.
• Raw materials (or power supply, water supply, climate, or transport).
3. Which industry is known for transforming raw materials into finished products using machinery?
• Manufacturing industry.
4. What are the major pollutants emitted by industries that contribute to air pollution?
• Major industrial air pollutants include nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead oxide, and particulate matter (dust, smoke, and fumes).
5. Which country is famous for its shipbuilding industry?
• South Korea (or Japan).

V. Long Answer Questions

1. Explain the significance of industrialisation in driving economic growth and improving living standards.
• Industrialisation transforms raw materials into high-value manufactured goods, which drives economic growth and increases national income.
• It creates vast employment opportunities across sectors, reducing excessive dependence on primary agriculture.
• By improving production efficiency, generating exports, and providing modern amenities and infrastructure, industrialisation significantly enhances the overall standard of living.
2. Discuss the factors that determine the distribution of the iron and steel industry globally.
• Raw Materials: Availability and proximity to bulky raw materials such as iron ore, coking coal, limestone, dolomite, and manganese ferro-alloys to reduce high transportation costs.
• Water and Power: Adequate power supply and massive supplies of freshwater required for cooling purposes.
• Infrastructure & Capital: Substantial capital investment, skilled and unskilled labour, and well-developed rail/port transportation networks to move heavy raw materials and finished products to markets.
3. Describe the various types of industries based on raw materials and provide examples for each type.
• Agro-based industries: Use agricultural produce as raw materials. Examples: Sugar, cotton textiles, jute, and vegetable oil.
• Mineral-based industries: Use mineral ores as raw materials. Examples: Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, and shipbuilding.
• Animal-based industries: Rely on animal products. Examples: Woollens, silk, dairy products, and leather industries.
• Forest-based industries: Utilize forest resources. Examples: Paper, cardboard, timber, lac, and pharmaceuticals using medicinal plants.
4. Explain the concept of water pollution and its causes, particularly related to industrial activities. Also, discuss some measures to prevent water pollution.
• Concept: Water pollution occurs when water quality is compromised by dissolved gases, minerals, or suspended toxic wastes, rendering it unsafe for humans, plants, and aquatic life.
• Industrial Causes: Industries like chemical, paper, dyeing, tanning, steel, sugar, and oil refineries discharge untreated liquid effluents and solid waste directly into rivers, lakes, or open low-lying areas, contaminating both surface water and groundwater.
• Prevention Measures:
• Collecting and scientifically managing industrial waste at its source.
• Installing effluent and waste treatment plants in all industrial units.
• Encouraging recycling and reuse of treated wastewater.
• Enforcing strict legislative laws (such as the Water Act) and promoting environmental awareness.
5. Provide an overview of the IT industry in Bengaluru, including the factors that have contributed to its growth and its impact on the local economy.
• Overview: Known as the "Silicon Valley of India," Bengaluru is India’s premier software and IT hub, centered around areas like Whitefield and Electronic City.
• Factors for Growth:
• A pleasant, moderate climate year-round due to its elevation (~900 metres above sea level).
• A high concentration of premier educational/engineering institutions producing an educated, skilled workforce.
• Historical presence of major public sector high-tech enterprises (such as BEL, HAL, ITI, and BHEL).
• Supportive government policies, affordable commercial space, and quality infrastructure attracting multinational corporations.
• Impact: It has generated massive white-collar employment, spurred infrastructure and real estate development, and positioned India prominently in the global software export market.

VI. Assertion-Reason Questions

1. Assertion (A): Geographical factors play a crucial role in determining the location of industries.

Reason (R): Industries often locate near raw material sources, water bodies, and transportation networks to minimise costs and facilitate operations. Factors like power supply, market proximity, and labour availability also influence industrial location decisions.

• Answer: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
1. Assertion (A): The textile industry is a long-standing sector that exists globally, utilising various raw materials for cloth production.

Reason (R): The textile industry has a rich history dating back thousands of years and encompasses the production of woven fabric using materials like cotton, silk, wool, and synthetic fibres. It involves processes such as carding, spinning, weaving, dyeing, and finishing to create finished textiles.

• Answer: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).